Input Methods in XR: 6-DoF Controllers

A 6-DoF controller is a hand-held controller used as an input device for higher-end headsets, such as the HTC VIVE, Oculus Rift and Quest, and Valve Index. This is currently the most popular and prevalent input method for immersive experiences.

Wondering what the difference is between 3-DoF and 6-DoF? Check out my article, Transitioning to XR Design.

Pros

They’re relatively easy to use if you have console gaming experience.
They can provide passive haptic cues.
You get accurate 6-DoF spatial tracking with 1:1 motion.
You can use 2 controllers at once for a more immersive experience.

Cons

There are currently no standards for button use or placement on controllers.
You have to remember which button does what per application, since there are no interaction standards for button use.
You don’t get full finger tracking, although Oculus Touch and Index Knuckles emulate it well.
You’re not able to go hands-free.
Extended button-presses can cause finger and hand fatigue.

TL;DR Do’s and Don’ts

Do

Make sure to keep a 1:1 ratio between virtual motion and real world motion.
Be sure to follow the specific platform HMI guidelines.
Accommodate both left and right-handed use.
Use tooltips and other memory cues to remind users which buttons perform which actions.

Don’t

Don’t emulate models of hands in the place of wand-type controllers such as the VIVE or PSVR since it is harder to translate gestures to wand controllers. This is not as much of an issue with the Oculus and Index controllers since they take natural hand motions and contours into account in the physical design.

Recommendations

Use standard button mapping for the specific platform (VIVE, Oculus, etc.) to reduce confusion when switching applications and to help first time users get familiar with VR more quickly.
Consider emulating the controller in-world or providing that option in a settings menu so that people who are not used to the experience or the controllers can learn as they interact.

Learn more

Try the headsets

If you have access to a 6-DoF headset with a controller, give it a try and see what works and what doesn’t. Have a variety of other people try and observe how they interact. What do they struggle with?

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I’m an Immersive Tech UX Design Professional with over 22 years of experience designing for kiosks, websites, mobile apps and desktop software for many well-known and not-so-well-known companies.

I’m not speaking on behalf of or representing any company. These are my personal thoughts, experiences and opinions.